- Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
- Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS)
- Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR)
- Electrochemical station
- High vacuum evaporator
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- HPLC
- UV spectrophotometer
- GC/MS
- X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS)
Ying-Sing Li Chemistry Eugene Pinkhassik Chemistry |